{"id":97,"date":"2015-01-08T11:10:23","date_gmt":"2015-01-08T10:10:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/test.niepce.com\/?page_id=97"},"modified":"2024-12-15T12:49:49","modified_gmt":"2024-12-15T11:49:49","slug":"pastel-invention-niepce","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/bicentennial-of-photography.org\/fr\/pastel-invention-niepce\/","title":{"rendered":"Le pastel des teinturiers"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Remplacer l’indigo par la f\u00e9cule bleue provenant du pastel des teinturiers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le 21 novembre 1806, Napol\u00e9on avait d\u00e9cr\u00e9t\u00e9 le Blocus continental, mesure adopt\u00e9e pour priver l\u2019Angleterre de toute communication avec le continent. De ce fait, certains produits faisaient d\u00e9faut tel l’indigo, une vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de colorant bleu. Le gouvernement proposa d’y substituer la f\u00e9cule bleue provenant du pastel des teinturiers. C\u2019est \u00e0 partir des feuilles que l\u2019on tire le colorant bleu . En 1811, le gouvernement lan\u00e7a un concours pour d\u00e9velopper la culture du pastel. Nic\u00e9phore fera le commentaire :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab [\u2026] il fut question d’extraire l’indigo du pastel. Nous devions naturellement \u00eatre jaloux de participer \u00e0 des recherches dont le r\u00e9sultat paraissait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9 du commerce et des arts industriels.<\/em>
Celles que nous f\u00eemes furent longues, mais elles ne furent point infructueuses sous le rapport qui nous int\u00e9ressait le plus ; car des echantillons de cette matiere colorante que l’on adressa des bureaux de la sous-pr\u00e9fecture au minist\u00e8re de l’Int\u00e9rieur, nous valurent les encouragemens les plus empress\u00e9s et les plus flatteurs.<\/em> \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Indigoterie<\/a>
Indigoterie : s\u00e9rie de bassins permettant d’extraire l’indigo (Histoire g\u00e9n\u00e9rale des Antilles 1667)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Le but \u00e9tait d\u2019am\u00e9liorer le rendement de production du colorant. Les fr\u00e8res Ni\u00e9pce transmettent au minist\u00e8re de l\u2019int\u00e9rieur des \u00e9chantillons de la f\u00e9cule colorante qu\u2019ils ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 extraire des feuilles de la plante, ainsi qu\u2019un rapport expliquant comment ils ont obtenu cette mati\u00e8re colorante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab J\u2019ai lu avec int\u00e9r\u00eat les observations de M.M Ni\u00e9pce-Barrault, que vous m\u2019avez adress\u00e9es le 28 novembre, sur l\u2019\u00e9poque la plus convenable pour couper les feuilles du pastel, et sur les moyens d\u2019en extraire la f\u00e9cule colorante sans l\u2019interm\u00e8de d\u2019aucun pr\u00e9cipitant ; elles sont, comme vous dites tr\u00e8s-bien, une nouvelle preuve de leur sagacit\u00e9 et du z\u00e8le qui les anime. Veuillez leur annoncer que je les transmets \u00e0 la commission charg\u00e9e de l\u2019examen de toutes celles de la m\u00eame nature qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 faites en divers lieux, et d\u2019indiquer ce qui est le plus propre \u00e0 \u00e9tablir compl\u00e8tement la th\u00e9orie de la fabrication de l\u2019indigo-pastel, et \u00e0 en perfectionner la pratique.<\/em> \u00bb
R\u00e9ponse du ministre de l\u2019int\u00e9rieur. 7 d\u00e9cembre 1811<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Pastel<\/a>
Pastel des teinturiers (Isatis tinctoria) \u00a9 Matt Lavin<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Le concours instaur\u00e9 par le gouvernement n\u2019apporta pas de r\u00e9sultats prometteurs. En 1813, celui-ci d\u00e9cida cependant de relancer l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat pour la culture du pastel et l\u2019extraction de l\u2019indigo, en accordant des primes : trois \u00e0 cinq francs suivant la qualit\u00e9 et \u00e0 condition de produire au moins cinquante kilogrammes de bleu par an. Le 24 avril 1813, le pr\u00e9fet lui-m\u00eame incita les fr\u00e8res Ni\u00e9pce \u00e0 retravailler sur ce projet . La culture du pastel reprit de plus belle \u00e0 Saint-Loup de Varennes. Cinquante-six ans plus tard, en 1867, l\u2019historien Fouque t\u00e9moigna : \u00ab [\u2026] la culture du Pastel-Indigo, \u2013 nous racontons de visu, \u2013 a laiss\u00e9 de nombreuses traces dans ce qui constituait autrefois le beau domaine Ni\u00e9pce, au Gras, commune de Saint-Loup-de-Varennes. Les jardins de la r\u00e9sidence de cette famille, les champs, voire m\u00eame les foss\u00e9s de la grande route, sur une \u00e9tendue de plusieurs kilom\u00e8tres, renferment des plants de Pastel [\u2026] qui se reproduisent naturellement sans culture, depuis plus d\u2019un demi-si\u00e8cle.<\/em> \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ann\u00e9e 1812 avait sonn\u00e9 le d\u00e9clin de l\u2019Empire. L\u2019Empire s\u2019effondrait mettant ainsi fin au blocus. La culture du pastel devint inutile.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Remplacer l’indigo par la f\u00e9cule bleue provenant du pastel des teinturiers Le 21 novembre 1806, Napol\u00e9on avait d\u00e9cr\u00e9t\u00e9 le Blocus continental, mesure adopt\u00e9e pour priver l\u2019Angleterre de toute communication avec le continent. De ce fait, certains produits faisaient d\u00e9faut tel l’indigo, une vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de colorant bleu. Le gouvernement proposa d’y substituer la f\u00e9cule bleue provenant…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26627,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-97","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nLes Pastels de Nic\u00e9phore Ni\u00e9pce : Une D\u00e9couverte M\u00e9connue des 200 Ans d\u2019Histoire<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Les pastels de Nic\u00e9phore Ni\u00e9pce : une facette artistique m\u00e9connue du 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